Essay On The Conch Shell In Lord Of The Flies - 946 Words

Symbolism Essay Some actions made my individuals not only has an effect on the people around them, but the objects close by as well. This important object or sign, can all be based upon the people using it, and also be in relation to its environment and surroundings. In the novel, The Lord of the Flies, the author, William Golding uses a conch shell to represent different meanings throughout his novel. The message in each of the different meanings of the conch, show how a group of young, British boys are changing their behavior and personality deeper into the novel. The conch in the Lord of the Flies, begins as a sign of authority, becomes a symbol of disorganization, and concludes to transform into a weapon of death. The beginning of†¦show more content†¦Ralph and Piggy believe that Jack and his tribe are after the conch, and leave it behind when they go to see what is going on at the other side of the island. Jack then begins to signal to the audience and the boys that the conch is now useless. It is has no meaning to anyone on the island, specifically his tribe. He indicates this statement by saying, â€Å" You left it behind†¦ and the conch doesn’t count on this side of the island-†(150).This passage from the novel exemplifies how the boys have lost their sense of command and order within one another. The message from the statement made by Jack is guiding the reader to see how each boy is transforming into a more ruthless individual, not caring about any rules or individuals in their lives. With author, William Golding, having the conch’s purpose be lost and forgotten begins to exhibit the children’s loss of reason within one another. At last, by the end of the novel, Golding makes the conch a symbol of death and aggression. The conch’s transformation throughout the novel has turned it into a symbol that no one wants to have on an island. In the last, intense moments of the novel, Golding causes the conch to put the boy’s life at risk, specifically Piggy. Having the conch symbolize authority and command, it is a big deal to whatever side has the conch still. Being the only person to still follow the rules, Piggy stays true to the conches beginning meaning and feels in power when holding the conch. Golding describes aShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Symbolism Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies Essay â€Å"Maybe there is a beast†¦ maybe its only us.†(Golding [Page 50]) The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is a novel that goes much deeper than a group of 12 year old boys stranded on an island. Throughout the book Golding portrays symbols and constant themes which show how he feels about the human race; that there is an inner beast inside everyone and no matter who you are, it will eventually get exposed. Golding also shows symbols throughout the book which represent theRead MoreEssay about The Conch in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe Conch in William Goldings Lord of the Flies In William Goldings novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† he uses a lot of symbolism. The entire book is microcosm to the real world, as the novel is set at the time when World War II was going on and on the island there is a hunt at the end of the book symbolic of the war. A symbol Golding uses throughout the book is the conch. It represents authority and order. The person holding the conch had the power, and it created orderRead MoreSymbolism in Lord of the Flies by William Golding1153 Words   |  5 PagesGonzalo Barril Merino 3EMC Lord of the Flies Essay Describe the use of symbolism in Lord of the Flies By understanding symbols, you get a better picture of the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and the hidden messages and references to human nature and a criticism of society. The author, William Golding, uses a huge amount of symbolism to reflect society of the outer world with the island. Symbols of fire, the conch and water are described all throughout the novel. Fire represents hope, strength and knowledgeRead MoreLord of the Flies, William Golding: The Power and Theme of the Conch Shell652 Words   |  3 PagesThe novel; â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is a highly renowned novel written by William Golding and published in 1954. The novel embodies many themes and events that are mysterious and unanticipated for the reader. During the course of the essay I will explain how the conch shell that is found at the foundation of the first chapter plays a significant role throughout the novel and how diverse themes are brought on from this influential shell. This essay will express an opinon on the conch shell, in the endRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis733 Words   |  3 Pages Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies has symbols throughout the story, each character brings a different point of view. Piggy, Ralph, and Jack take a leading role with all the boys, although they vote Ralph in charge both of the other boys take a leadership position. Goulding uses the boys to show the faults of mankind and the roots of all evil. Four symbols Goulding used in the novel were: Piggy’s glasses, the Conch Shell, The Beast, and Simon’s hiding place. Therefore, the symbols show the trueRead MoreSymbolism in Lord of the Flies by William Golding1159 Words   |  5 PagesGonzalo Barril Merino 3EMC Lord of the Flies Essay Describe the use of symbolism in Lord of the Flies By understanding symbols, you get a better picture of the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and the hidden messages and references to human nature and a criticism of society. The author, William Golding, uses a huge amount of symbolism to reflect society of the outer world with the island. Symbols of fire, the conch and water are described all throughout the novel. Fire represents hope, strengthRead MoreLife Of Pi By Yann Martel And Lord Of The Flies1433 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a priority. This is a theme that is very important in both novels studied this year, â€Å"Life of Pi† by Yann Martel, and â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding. This means that staying alive will become a task. People can depend on survival and become desperate to do anything for life. In the novel â€Å"Life of Pi† by Yann Martel and in the novel â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, the characters all deal with the theme of survival. This topic is worth exploring because it has been a veryRead MoreCivility Vs. Savagery In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† written by William Golding the novels main theme was civility versus savagery. The novel is about school boys who get stranded in an island because the airplane the boys were in was shot down. The only adult who was the pilot died so the boys had to learn how to survive without any adults. The schoolboys were aged ranged from 6 to 12 and since there is no adult supervision the boys vote for a leader which causes conflict with two boys. Things begin to get out of handRead MoreLord of the Flies2048 Words   |  9 PagesIn William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, symbols are illustrated through people, objects, and colors. In this novel, a group of children are faced with the difficulty of living isolated from society after their plane crashes on a deserted island. With no formal civilization, parents, or rules, the kids have the freedom to do as they choose. Throughout the novel, the boys find and use objects on the island that symbolize something of different importance. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding usesRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding959 Words   |  4 PagesJoshua Hafter Ms. Yoo English 2AS, Period 5 22 February 2017 Lord Of The Flies Essay In the book Lord Of The Flies by William Golding, symbols are used to highlight the impactful nature of Ralph, the main protagonist. Ralph is brought to so much power being credited to finding the conch and rising but also falling in power along side it. The supporting character of story, Piggy, helps us show how the conch is a double edged sword. It gives Ralph the ability to become leader and create a civilization

The Effect Of An Auditory Signals On Ones Perception Of...

In this article, the researchers studied the effect of an auditory signal on one’s perception of eye gaze. They mention that people are born with the ability to differentiate between direct and adverted gaze, and this ability becomes increasingly important throughout adulthood. Another important social signal involves a person’s auditory system. In infancy, children become sensitive to hearing their own name. This auditory signal often occurs at the same time as direct eye contact. The researchers in this study were trying to determine the correlation between someone hearing his/her own name and that person’s perception of the speaker’s gaze. The article mentioned earlier studies have shown that a person’s gaze tends to gravitate†¦show more content†¦There were 6 males and 11 females with a mean age of 24.8 years and a standard deviation of 5.03 years. They used gray-scale photographs with neutral expressions, and altered the positio n of the iris by increments of 1 pixel per image. This created the seven gaze deviations, including: direct gaze and gaze shifts (to both the left and right) of 4, 7, and 10 pixels. For the auditory stimuli, the researchers used recordings of four male speakers who would either say the participant’s actual name or a control name. For the experiment, the researchers placed a monitor in front of the participants and performed 256 randomly presented trials (64 trials represented at direct gaze and 64 trials for each of the three gaze deviations). Each trial started with a central fixation cross on the screen between 500 and 1,750 ms. A variable interval approach was used in order to make sure the participants did not expect the stimuli. After the cross, the participant were shown a face for 600 ms, and they heard a name through headphones. They were given a 2,000 ms interval to press a button, reporting if they perceived the gaze of the face to be looking to the left, ri ght, or directly at them. Result After the experiment, the researchers calculated the range of gaze deviations for the two conditions, own-name and other-name. They called these ranges

Strategic Development Of Lendlease Group - Free Solution

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Development of Lendlease Group. Answer: Introduction Lend Lease Group is an international firm well known for its real estate projects all around the world. It is basically a construction company that builds artistic buildings and infrastructures like bridges, roads, residential houses and offices (McGeorge, Zou, and Palmer, 2013). The primary purpose of the study is to observe and analyse the strategic development made by the Lend Lease Group in the recent years. Hence, the study presents the corporate strategy of the company by discussing its past and present strategies. Along with that, the study highlights the controversies that criticised its business and policies. Furthermore, the paper presents the environmental analysis that helps to analyse the internal and external market factors that influence its businesses. Finally, the study draws an understanding of the corporate culture and leadership implied by Lend Lease Group to seek success in the current market scenario. Corporate Strategy Mission, Vision and Competitive Advantage Lend Lease Group has aimed to explore the majority of the global market creating innovative and strategic investment opportunities to achieve corporate sustainability at the international as well as the domestic platform. On the other hand, the vision of the investing Corporation is to increase the client base in Asia, Australia, America, Europe and emerging economies such as China and India leaving an optimistic legacy towards long-term sustainability ("Vision and Strategy | Australia | Lend Lease", 2016). Moreover, through the identification of innovative and contemporary financial solutions, Lend Lease Group will work closely with global investors and stakeholders for significant market exploration. The innovation, technological efficiency and brand recognition in the developed market have been the primary competitive advantages to the business structure of Lend Lease Corporation (Francis and Lingard, 2012). Past Strategy Lend Lease Groups strategic roadmap has been established identifying the core business operations such as construction, investment and infrastructural development across the domestic as well as international platform. Previously, the strategic model of Lend Lease Group has been designed utilising balanced scorecard model measuring the productivity and performance standards of the enterprise (Woo, 2016). Moreover, the executive managers of Lend Lease Corporation have put the prominence on growth consistency creating sustainable competitive advantage through innovative planning and technological efficiency (Gravitt, 2013). The available resources and corporate structure of Lend Lease have been uniquely included to the strategic model so that the mission, vision and organisational sustainability can be met maintaining the highest business standards. Current Strategy In the contemporary business scenario, the dramatic changes in economics at the global market have forced the organisation to shift its current strategic roadmap according to the demand. Predominantly, the present strategy of Lend Lease Group has been structured into four uniform segments. Moreover, the identified Focus and Grow strategic model has been improvised to increase the business values and marketing standards in retail, industrial and commercial construction sectors (Anderson, 2009). Meanwhile, on the basis of the current strategy, the organisation has chosen the right business partners and associates in the precise industries. Secondly, the highly integrated skills and professionalism have been shown in the market. Also, the disciplined corporate structure and inventive knowledge resources have provided world class prosperity to the business structure (Woo, 2016). Lastly, the organisation has invested in the most efficient capital markets in the US, Europe and emerging eco nomies for futuristic growth perspective. Criticisms of the Business Being a construction company, Lend Lease Group had faced different criticism in the market while expanding its business over the global platform. The two primary criticisms that are faced by the organisation have been presented herein below: Conflict with General Public Lend Lease Group faced a huge loss due to the Hurricane Sandy in the New York City. The losses were not limited to financial losses, but it also led to loss of reputation of the company (Crotty, 2013). The transatlantic crane incident became the headline of the news in the New York City. It has been found that the weakened construction crane that was used in the project slumped down over the new luxury apartment that led to loss of property. The incident resulted in a court case with a claim of negligence used at the construction site (Woo, 2016). Hence, it is important for the company to use good quality instruments in the construction projects. Conflict with Government and Environmentalist Another major controversy that surrounded the business is because of the new project of $18 billion to renovate the city of Melbourne, Perth, Sydney and Brisbane (Woo, 2016). The construction project has been opposed by the government and environmentalist because it led to loss of green fields in the urban regions. Jonathan Emery said that the company is working on the project to develop the cities and the project will provide benefit to the local communities, government, investors, office tenants, apartment buyers and local employees (Crotty, 2013). But, analysis shows that the project will lead to a loss of thousand hectares of greenery surrounding the urban cities that will impact the ecological balance of the region. Hence, the company needs to face several problems while operating in the current market scenario. External and Internal Environmental Analysis General Environments: Pestel Analysis A Pestel analysis has been presented below to analyse the general environment of the Lend Lease Group. Political Factors: It is important to note that the political instability in different nations of the world makes it difficult for the company to operate in the international market. The major problems that are faced by the construction industry are the changes in the tax rates and property prices (Cox, 2009). Economic Factors: The raising income level of the people and growing demand for real estate properties provides Lend Lease Group with opportunity to develop its businesses. But, the recent collapse in the real estate industry due to financial downturn needs to be taken care to grow in the international market (Cox, 2009). Socio-cultural Factors: The tastes of people have changed in the recent days and they are demanded for own houses and properties that provide the company with good opportunity to grow its business. Technological Factors: There is an easy availability of technology and labour in the market in which Lend Lease operates. Along with that, the development of technology makes the operations easier and faster that acts as an opportunity for the company. Ecological Factors: Currently, people have become concerned about the environment that has led the company to different controversies (Cox, 2009). Hence, it is important for the Lend Lease Group to consider the changes in the environmental policies to smoothly operate in the market. Legal Factors: There have been several changes made in the rules and regulations in the construction industry. There is a need of proper approval of the government before staring the project (Cox, 2009). Hence, it increases the cost of the company and makes it difficult for the company to operate in the international market. Specific Environments Analysis The specific environment analysis has been conducted to present the factors that influence the business of Lend Lease Group. Customers: Lend Lease Group believe in developing customers value by delivering them with high quality projects and good customer services. Along with that, the company continuously introduces new products and services to meet the changing demands of the customers (Davies, 2013). Partners: The primary partners of the firm are suppliers, government bodies and contractors who support the operations of the business (Davies, 2013). Along with that, Lend Lease has opted for the merger and acquisition strategy to add new partners in the business. Industry: It has been working in the construction industry for more than 50 years and started venture in the financial industry to seek growth over the global market. Unions: Lend Lease Group has maintained a good relationship with the unions to carry on smooth operations of its business (Davies, 2013). Competitors: The Company needs to face a huge competition in the market because of a large number of rivals in the international market. Lend Lease need to carry on its business using competitive strategy to survive. Suppliers: The number of suppliers is high in the market that reduces the bargaining power of the suppliers. Hence, in the case of fluctuation in the price, the company can shift to some other supplier. Internal Environment Analysis The internal environment analysis has been conducted to present the internal factors that influence the business of Lend Lease Group. Process: The primary processes of the company include human resource management and technology implementation (Lingard and Lin, 2012). Hence, it is important for the company to implement international HRM policies to grow in the international market. Furthermore, the company needs to implement innovative technology in the operations of the business. System: Lend Lease has a good administrative system. It has a separate division for controlling different activities of the organisation. Each division is headed by an administrative head that is responsible for monitoring and controlling the work. Hence, it can be seen that the administrative system of Lend Lease is quite effective in growing the business (Lingard and Lin, 2012). Employees: The organisational subordinates have always been an integral part of the internal environment sustainability of Lend Lease Group. Considering the risks of the corporate operations, the employees have worked following the strategies for better performance and productivity at the operational level (Bonnal, 2012). Thus, the organisation has set high standards for the international as well as domestic conditions. Management: Organisational management of Lend Lease Group has identified the effectiveness of collaborative working tactics. Therefore, the senior executive managers and strategic developers of Lend Lease Corporation have created sustainable corporate culture providing the best possible solution reviewing the issues and concerns attached to the workforce (Chinyio and Olomolaiye, 2010). Swot Analysis In the current business scenario, a brief discussion of SWOT analysis of Lend Lease Group has been provided as follows. Strengths The global presence of Lend Lease Group has been one of the major strengths of the organisation. Meanwhile, the enterprise has developed considerable tie-ups with international organisations for significant market penetration in diverse locations. Significant merger and acquisition policy of Lend Lease Group has secured growth in both the private and public business sectors in the domestic as well as international market (Laufer, 2007). Weaknesses The high price fluctuation of the commercial and residential market has been a significant worry for the organisation for long-term sustainability. The concerns of the vulnerable economic structure of the global construction industry have restricted the investment opportunities of the firm. Also, the negative factors have led to massive losses in the construction business. Opportunities Ideally, the current expansion of retail and commercial industry in the emerging economies has created fresh investing opportunities to Lend Lease Group. The latest bubble in the housing industry of China has influenced the business organisation to set up new investment scopes (Lester and Lester, 2007). Threats The global economic decline has significantly contributed towards the profitability and growth of the business of Lend Lease Group. A world class adverse economic event such as Brexit has created issues, and threats to the current business operations in Britain are forcing adverse sustainability. Lend Lease Culture and Leadership Style Lend Lease Culture Lend Lease Group has promoted new workplace culture that helps to improve its productivity and performance. Lend Lease Group commits to deliver outstanding performance towards the stakeholders of the company (Daniel and Belle, 2013). The company has created core values for the employees to maintain a highly efficient workforce. Furthermore, the core values mainly include collaboration, respect, excellence, innovation, integrity and trust. The employers and employees work together to deliver high examples in the market that improves the status of the company (Daniel and Belle, 2013). Along with that, Lend Lease maintains a diversified workforce using international HRM policies that helps the company intake best talents available in the market. Lend Lease Leadership The Board of Directors and the CEO of Lend Lease Group have uniformly developed the right leadership approach to support the growth of the business. Functional leadership style has actively governed the corporate governance practices of Lend Lease Group (Woo, 2016). Meanwhile, such leadership style has actively delivered all the necessary support to the organisational subordinates creating a sustainable support system within the organisation. Also, the chain system has been constructed to maintain swift workflow. Moreover, transformational leadership style has been adopted according to the demand of the situation to understand the issues and formulating compulsory steps (Lingard and Lin, 2014). Through the identification of the organisational challenges, executive managers have to show their management skills to motivate the employees in case of tough and demanding situations. Apparently, the managers have improvised incorporate upbringing to the workforce so that more efforts and kn owledge resources can be utilised for better productivity (Turner and Lingard, 2014). Such advanced leadership model has created a suitable impact on the performance and standards of Lend Lease operational management. Conclusion Evidently, Lend Lease Corporation has identified the most sustainable business strategic roadmap and leadership style effective for long-term growth. By making significant changes to the strategic model, the management of Lend Lease Group has provided a swift platform to the organisation to explore the international market for further investment opportunities. Though some of the business risks attached to the external as well as the internal business environment, the comprehensive strategic decision-making of Lend Lease leaders has provided an efficient, competitive advantage to the organisation. By following the strategic roadmaps directed to guide the organisational subordinates can improve the performance and productivity of the firm. Undoubtedly, in the recent upcoming years, Lend Lease Group can attain significant financial sustainability throughout the global market. References Anderson, S., 2009.Best practices in accelerated construction techniques. [Washington, D.C.]: [Transportation Research Board?]. Anon, 2016.Vision and Strategy | Australia | Lendlease. [online] Lendlease.com. Available at: https://www.lendlease.com/au/company/vision-and-strategy/ [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Bonnal, P., 2012. Project Management.Construction Management And Economics,30(3), 248-250. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2012.655253 Chinyio, E. and Olomolaiye, P., 2010.Construction stakeholder management. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Cox, L., 2009. Internal dose, uncertainty analysis, and complexity of risk models.Environment International,25(6-7), 841-852. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(99)00062-8 Crotty, R., 2013.Impact of Building Information Modelling. Florence: Taylor and Francis. Daniel, H. and Belle, M., 2013. Australia and Lend-Lease.Far Eastern Survey,12(24), 233-236. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1943.12.24.01p1313k Davies, R., 2013.Formulating competitive strategy in the UK housebuilding industry. University of Warwick. Francis, V. and Lingard, H., 2012. The Case for Family-Friendly Work Practices in the Australian Construction Industry.AJCEB,2(1), 28. https://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v2i1.2884 Gravitt, D., 2013. Construction Safety.Construction Management And Economics,31(10), 1091-1092. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2013.829240 Laufer, A., 2007. Construction safety: economics, information and management involvement.Construction Management And Economics,5(1), 73-90. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446198700000007 Lester, A. and Lester, A., 2007.Project management, planning and control. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Lingard, H. and Lin, J., 2012. Managing Motherhood in the Australian Construction Industry: Work-family Balance, Parental Leave and Part-time Work.AJCEB,3(2), 15. https://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v3i2.2915 Lingard, H. and Lin, J., 2014. Career, family and work environment determinants of organizational commitment among women in the Australian construction industry.Construction Management And Economics,22(4), 409-420. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144619032000122186 McGeorge, W., Zou, P., and Palmer, A., 2013.Construction management. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley and Sons Inc. Turner, M. and Lingard, H., 2014. Identification and verification of demands and resources within a worklife fit framework: evidence from the Australian construction industry.Community, Work and Family,17(3), 268-287. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2014.933773 Woo, J., 2016.IDA-accredited companies to access larger projects with Surbana Jurong and Lend Lease.The Straits Times. Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/ida-accredited-companies-to-access-larger-projects-with-surbana-jurong-and [Accessed September 2016].

Mis case study free essay sample

Question 1: How can Second Life provide value to businesses that use it? Answer: Second life may also serve as a new marketing tool. Second Life can provide value to businesses that use it by providing a low-cost birthing ground for new industries and transform businesses, commerce, marketing and learning much the way the Web has done. It can help facilitate internal communications and help companies recruit tech-savvy employees. Second Life provides businesses with tools for online conferencing, online collaboration, knowledge management, and prototyping. Companies can test new products using S -D rendering programs. They can experiment with new marketing and advertising campaigns to see how people react. They can receive feedback on real-world products or services. Question 2: What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit from a presence on Second Life? Why? Answer: Retail businesses that are already used to doing business online may have an easier time of establishing a viable presence on Second Life. We will write a custom essay sample on Mis case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are used to advertising and marketing to customers online and have the systems built for taking orders, accepting payments, and shipping products. Other companies, like IBM, that have established online collaboration systems and online knowledge management systems will probably have an easier time using Second Life as another outlet for these activities. Question 3: Considering what you have learned about Second Life, how could you, as an individual, create a modest start-up business on the Grid? What goods would you sell? Why would this be a good choice of product? What, in simple terms, would your business plan be? Why would it work? Answer: One potential new business would be to sell furnishings for online spaces. People inherently want to furnish and decorate their private spaces. The products could be bought and sold. The start-up cost I can create the furnishers how to deliver the products, customer follow-up ideas, and financial planning. Question 4: Visit eBay on the Web and see what Second Life items you can find listed for auction. How would you rate the activity surrounding these items? Are you surprised by what you see? Why or why not? Answer: Obviously the information for this question will fluctuate. As of this writing, eBay offered 211 items. They included how-to manuals for making money on Second Life, a guide to selling land, and selling linden dollars. I m surprised to realize how advanced and pervasive sites like Second Life have become. Question 5: What obstacles does Second Life have to overcome in order to become a mainstream business tool? Does it face fewer or more obstacles to become a mainstream educational tool? To what do you attribute the difference? Answer: Second Life needs to overcome the idea and perception that -of-use, interoperability between pre-established business between its system and external business systems -input into either system. Second Life faces more obstacles in trying to become a mainstream educational tool. Educators are inherently opposed to online, distance education because it supposedly lacks the face-to-face communication between teachers and students. However, as more education is carried online, Second Life has all the tools in place to make it easy to conduct classes, especially its online collaboration tools. Question 6: would you like to interview for a job using second life? Why or why not? Answer: I won t like to be interviewed fro a job using second life. Because it is just a game for me. My appearnce, speech, intellegence can t be shown through a avatar. So for job interview I would prefer one on one communications.

Aristotle Life essays

Aristotle Life essays Aristotle was born in Stagria, a Greek community in Thrace, in 384 B.C. Most of what we know is from a compilation by Diogenes Lertius. He learned dissection and anatomy from his father, Nichomachus. At the age of 17, his personal guard Proxenus sent him to Athens. Aristotle paid close attention to his clothes and accent, as to make himself appear as of a higher class. He then studied at Platos Academy at the age of 18. He earned the reputation of being the most brilliant student quickly. Plato once said that his Academy consisted of the body of his students and the brain of Aristotle. Plato died when Aristotle was 37. Aristotle expected to become the next master of the Academy. However, The Trustees chose a native Athenian, since Aristotle was not born in Athens. Aristotle became an advisor to a former classmate who became a philosopher-king in Asia Minor. Aristotle had little affect and did not influence his former classmate. Nonetheless, Aristotle then married the adopted daughter, Pythias, of the King, Hermeias. Hermeias offended the King of Persia and was then crucified. Aristotle was forced to leave with his wife. They fled to the island of Lesbos where he studied Natural History. While on the island his wife died giving birth to their daughter. Later he had a son with Herpyllis, a lady that he lived with. In 343 B.C. King Phillip of Macedonia invited Aristotle to train his son Alexander. Alexander became one of historys greatest generals, who became known as Alexander the Great. On his conquests he ordered his troops to bring back specimens for his old teacher. King Phillip later sent Aristotle back to Stagria, Greece in 340 B.C. While in Stagria, Aristotle wrote a code of laws to help restore the community, which was ruined by war. In 334 B.C. Aristotle returned to Athens, where founded his own Platonic school there, and later at Lyceum. Alexander possibly funded these schools, whe...

Job design in an Organization

Job design in an Organization Job design in an organization is crucial from various perspectives as it deals with work rearrangement aimed at overcoming any employee dissatisfaction. In respect to this, there is always renewed hope and strength for employee to perform his or her duty successfully (Robertson Smith, 1985).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Job design in an Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Applying this to any customer service professional, the company will be able to reflect a good picture generally of the whole business system, because when the customers are served with enthusiasm, they are able to develop a unique liking of the company. For this case, considering improvement of working conditions for customer service professional in the credit card company, various ways of restructuring and reorganizing the working system are necessary in order to improve working conditions and also enable good reputation because the customer care provides a link between the customers and the company. As always expected, there must be rewards through better pay package. The incentives that should be offered to the customer care would include getting offered credit cards with low interest rates, a periodic reward of points to the employee when it is revealed that the employee is very much committed to the company’s work. There must also be granting of leave for the employee to refresh, especially from a period of a tiresome work session. In addition, there would also be on job training in order to acquire more skills in the credit card business process. The knowledge on the credit card business helps customer care make informed decisions when advising the customers, which may include marketing strategies. There must also be an innovative working environment which is admirable for the employee to work in the company effectively (Parker Wall, 1998). In enhancing job design for the customer service in the cr edit card company, both scientific and management practices ought to be practiced. This ensures that both analytic and objective approaches to solving issues in the organization are crucial. The customer care should know exactly his or her role and what is expected from him/her in the job. This enables the creation of clear objectives for the work so that the credit card business is kept operational in a successful way. The customer care must know the set out roles which enhance motivation in whatever is required at all the times.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Incorporating the job characteristic model, the customer care is to know exact identity of the task. This calls for the need to know the exact responsibility that he or she has in the marketing and creation of good relations of the company with the customers. The customer care should also have autonomy. Thi s determines the schedule of the work plan at all given times that should be decided solely by the employee. The skills of performing the work are also very important as a contributing factor for the process of motivating the customer care. The significance of the task allocated is important too because the company knows exactly the expected outcome of the process. Through this, providing positive feedback to the customer care for any good performance is necessary as this is an inspiring factor coming from best job design. The design model should also include room for self expression of the customer care. Through this, all the views are incorporated for the best benefit of the company so as to enable more allocation of credit cards to the customers (Parker Wall, 1998). Finally, improvement of customer care’s job conditions will enable good performance and develop cordial relations with other customers. Consequently, this reflects good image of the company and more customers in need of credit card will register for the services. Through the job design, motivation of the employees is observed because from the school of human relations, a business is taken as a social systems whereby productivity is heavily influenced by emotional and psychological factors of the employees (Parker Wall, 1998). This will finally promote good business. References Parker, S. Wall, D. (1998). Job and work design, organizing work to promote well- being and effectiveness. California: Sage publications. Robertson, I. T. Smith M. (1985). Motivation and Job Design: Theory, research and practice. New York: Hyperion Books.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Job design in an Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The current business situation at this Starbucks shop and management Assignment - 2

The current business situation at this Starbucks shop and management operations aspects - Assignment Example The paper tells that operation management is the process through which inputs, in form of raw materials and labor, are transformed into finished goods and services. The main impact of operations management in a firm is a positive perceived value that the customer feels has been added to a product, which will make him come back every other time. Since operations management determines the quality of products and services, it is a key basis for the determination of success and long-term sustainability of the company. To ensure a firm is successful currently and in future, operations management have to be the best practices for high quality and efficiency in a production or service industry firm. The focus of the assignment will be on Starbucks Coffee Company and the specific branch will be the Starbucks coffee shop on 91 Clarence high street in Kingston town (Kingston Upon Thames, London, United Kingdom). In 1971, a delicate coffee and tea vendor was founded and named Starbucks. The com pany began operations by offering coffee to restaurants and espresso bars. The chairperson and CEO Howard Schultz in 1985 transformed the business by altering it into an international coffee brand involved in coffee service, high-quality goods, and augmented desire to teach clients on the importance of coffee and tea. From the Seattle roots, Starbucks has expanded internationally to market imported coffee, Italian style espresso, food products, cold beverages, fine teas, and coffee fixtures. Currently, Starbucks has developed a good brand image with its 176,000 employees and has created lasting relationships with coffee farmers and manufacturers. Starbucks consists of 17,000 stores situated in 49 countries globally with a high brand demonstration in the United States. A transformation model is a framework used to aid leaders in understanding their organizations

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Research Paper - 1

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property - Research Paper Example This particular industry is quite sensitive industry. The ethical issues in the marketing and advertising, intellectual property and regulation of product safety are discussed below. Marketing and advertisement is an effective communication tool that helps an organization to communicate with the end customers regarding the introduction of new product. First of all, several pharmaceutical companies implement competitive pricing strategy and promote their drugs and several products in economic price level compromising with the quality of the products. It can actually affect the health of human beings as several side effects of these drugs can create several problems in body. Secondly, the organizations used to provide emotional adverts and wrong information about the products. It is quite unethical to provide this wrong information. Thirdly, CompCare the subsidiary of the PharmaCare used to and market specific products although the compounded materials were not supposed to sold in bulk . Wrong information about client list, quality issues of drugs and price war between the organizations can be considered as the major ethical issues in marketing and advertising. ... In terms of the regulation of the products safety, the organization faces several critical issues. Providing drugs in low price level to the people of low income group without considering the quality aspect can be considered as one of the ethical issues. Inadequate quality of the pharmaceutical lab can be considered as one of the major issues in the product safety regulation. Inadequate composition in several drugs became issues for the PharmaCare. 2. Argue for or against Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing by drug companies Direct-to-Consumer has considered a one of the important marketing communication tools for several healthcare or pharmaceutical organizations. This DTC marketing process is quite useful and can help the society to overcome several challenges. It is true that advertising and promotion is important for each and every organization to create awareness about the products and services in the minds of the target customers (Doern & Prince, 2012). It is true that the pharm aceutical companies provide effective solutions to several critical diseases that can take away the priceless lives of human beings. After strong research and hard work, the pharmaceutical companies succeed to make a solution to these diseases. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the governments and several public bodies to increase awareness about these drugs that can ensure good health and safety of the mankind. DTC can be considered as an effective marketing communication tools. It is true that several organizations used to follow unethical steps in order to maximize business profits. But, it is true that the society and community cannot get benefits until and unless the people within the society cannot get aware about

Management Information Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management Information - Assignment Example An understanding and acceptance as to what are their roles and responsibilities 5. Implementation A priority list of projects to be undertakenProject management plans against which to check progressProgrammes of change management to promulgate the strategy and gain acceptance and understanding of it. 6. Monitoring and review monitoring the effectiveness of the strategy,monitoring the scope within which the strategy needs to operate,Review and update the strategy as necessary. Benefits of an Information Strategy to Brumshire Bank: Strategically a well-defined information strategy would ensure a smooth flow of information throughout the Brumshire organisational structure. Information will be easier to access by all the employees. As the processes will be outsourced also a comprehensive information strategy would ensure timely availability of information as and when required. Second major benefit that the Brumshire bank would have is that the duplication of information will be reduced to minimal. As some of the operations will be set up in India as a result of outsourcing, which include operations such as BB support centre, the Phone Bank centre, the Regional Administration offices and the Enquiry Centre, there will be no need to maintain separate data centres at both the countries. A centralized data centre would minimalize redundancy as well as the overhead of maintaining and updating data at both the centres. Thirdly the competitive intelligence will improve a lot. The information strategy would ensure timely information readily available which will serve as a key to take key decision about the changing competitor's behaviour as well as to improve Brumshire internal... Strategically a well-defined information strategy would ensure a smooth flow of information throughout the Brumshire organisational structure. Information will be easier to access by all the employees. As the processes will be outsourced also a comprehensive information strategy would ensure timely availability of information as and when required. Second major benefit that the Brumshire bank would have is that the duplication of information will be reduced to minimal. As some of the operations will be set up in India as a result of outsourcing, which include operations such as BB support centre, the Phone Bank centre, the Regional Administration offices and the Enquiry Centre, there will be no need to maintain separate data centres at both the countries. A centralized data centre would minimalize redundancy as well as the overhead of maintaining and updating data at both the centres. Thirdly the competitive intelligence will improve a lot. The information strategy would ensure timely information readily available which will serve as a key to take key decision about the changing competitor's behaviour as well as to improve Brumshire internal procedures. By outsourcing Brumshire Bank ensure that the company that is outsourced will always be sure to reach their targets, deliver on time, ensure stringent security and maintain a level of productivity which will help the Brumshire Bank to stick to their core objective rather t

Information Systems In Business Development

Information Systems In Business Development The implementation of the information system in the development of the business is most necessary now days. For most business, there are varieties of requirements for information. In every organization different level of management need different type of information for development of business. For example, senior management needs information to help with their business planning. Middle management needs more detailed information to monitor and control business activity. The employees at lower management need information to help them to perform their duties. In this global world information systems are playing important role in any organizations to meet their strategic goals. For the development of the business it very important to have good information system in each department of organization such as accounting, finance, marketing and human resource department to perform business operations. In addition, the technical terms of information system refers to the interaction between alg orithmic process and the technology(Brown, 1991). The meaning of the information system is not just the technology used by organization, but also it refers the way in which organization uses the technology for their business process. Information system is sets of interrelated component that collect process and store information to companys management in decision making. Companies that are using up to date information system to evaluate internal and external information are gaining advantage over the firm. For example, a sophisticated information system helps companies to monitor employees, to keep manager and employee to coordinates activities among divisions. Furthermore good information system provides the facilities of direct communication between firm and suppliers, manufacturers, dealers and marketers. Using Information system together, they can create a valuable chain in organization. An information system enables companies to store, retrieve and control valuable information. In upcoming years, the use of good information system in organization will be no longer an option. It will be compulsory in development and success of business. There are various kind of information are available, which can be implement in organization for the development of the business. The main kinds of information system use in businesses are Executive support system (ESS), Management Information system (MIS), Decision support system (DSS), Knowledge Management System (KMS), Transaction processing system (TPS) and Office Automations System (OAS). The different level of management in organization needs different level of information system. The following diagram shows the relation of the information system with the different level of the organization. The main kinds of information system, the implementation of that can be helpful in development of businesses are described as follow. Executive Support System (ESS) The Executive support system helps to senior management to decide business strategic plan and to make decision based on strategy. ESS helps to gather and analyses the internal and external information used in businesses. ESS is a like instrumental panel in air craft cockpit which is showing the status of all the key business activities to senior management team of organization (Brown, 1991). ESS typically involves lots of data analysis and modeling tools to help in strategic decision making. In addition, some ESS provides the analysis tool that predicts a series of performance outcomes overtime using input data. This type of ESS is useful to executive staff, it provides possible outcomes and quick reference to statistics and numbers needed for decision-making .Now days there are software wanders who offer pre design Executives support system packages suitable to one particular organization. They also provide the facilities to customize the Executive support system to meet needs of pa rticular organization. The solid example of the company which is using computer based ESS is Woolworths. Woolworths is second largest retailer of Australia. Company has spent $US11billion and select JDA softwares Arthurs enterprise suite which is including performance analysis tool and information manager databases to support its Big W department chain.(ARIZ ,2001). Management Information System (MIS) A management information system is a system or process that provides the information necessary to manage organization effectively. MIS is planned system of collecting; processing and storing Management information system is mainly concern with the internal source of information in organization. Management information system analyzes data captured from transaction processing system and creates reports based for decision making. The report generate by MIS will be used by middle management and operational supervisor.MIS is very useful to generate reports for example, financial statements , inventory status report, performance report for routine or non routine processes. It is very important to manage the flow of information in organization for the future development of the business. The Management information system helps to big organization to manage the information interchanging between different departments such as store and distribution center. For example Coles super market is one of the biggest retailers in Australia. Coles has recently implemented new version of the computer based information management system named LETTUS to provide significant inventory management benefit to store and suppliers. The Following Diagram illustrating how Coles manage information flow between organizations. Decision Support System (DIS) Decision Support Systems (DIS) are specifically design to help management for decision making in situation where there is uncertainty about possible outcomes of those decision. It is important to implement decision support system in business because it supports business and organizational decision making activities. The properly designed decision support system is an interactive software based system intended to help decision maker to compile useful information from raw data (smith, 2001). Decision support system helps to enhance the abilities of decision maker or group of decision maker to make decision in favor of companys development. Furthermore, Decision support systems are call of computerized information system that supports decision making activities. The decision support system can be classified in to five different types which are: Communication driven DSS Data driven DSS Document driven DSS Knowledge driven DSS Model driven DSS The above different types of decision support system are used to make decision based on different situation. The implementation of Decision support system in business helps to make effective decision in order to make business development. Knowledge Management System (KMS) Knowledge Management system helps businesses to create and share information. This types of system used in organization where employee creates knowledge and expertise which can then be shared by other people in organization to create commercial opportunities. The examples of the knowledge management systems are Firms of Lawyers associated with organization, Accountants and management consultants Knowledge system generally built around which allows efficient categorization and distributions of knowledge. Knowledge Management system enables employee to have ready access of organizations documents based of fact. Now days, it not an optional to use knowledge management System for an organization whether it is public or private big or small. Knowledge management system provides aid to organization to creating sharing and processing knowledge. Transaction Processing System (TPS) Transaction processing system used to process routine transaction efficiently and accurately. One organization may have more than one transaction processing systems for example billing system to print invoice for customer, payroll and text calculation system, raw material requirements calculations system, Stock control system, Transaction processing system helps to manage data that must be in consistent state. In addition, the daily transaction done by the Transaction processing system can help to upper level management to make decision for the future business. For example, by analyzing customer transaction data management can identify the customers purchasing behaviors. TPS also help to maintain relationship with customers based on transaction. There are many super markets which are using transaction processing system to maintain their daily transaction. Coles Supermarket is a very good example which is using fully computer base transaction processing system. TPS used by Coles store their day to day transaction in central data base. Higher level management determines this stored data to identify customer value and maintain relationship with customer to expand the business. Office Automation System (AOS) Office automation systems are systems that help to improve the productivity of employee who are responsible to process data and information. There are many office automation system exist in market which can be easily implement in organization to improve the productivities of employee. The examples of the well know office automation system are Microsoft office, Microsoft works and more.OAS helps in optimizing or automating existing office procedure. Most of companies are using office automation system to create data sheet, reports, and statements. The well known Office automation system used by most of organizations is Microsoft Package including (MS Office, PowerPoint, and Excel.) In nutshell, now days the revolutionary change in the area of information technology has changed the way of business in each industries. Complete computer based information systems provides the support to organization to maintain internal and external source of information. In addition, to over come cut throat competition to it very important for each organization either to implement computer based information system or to adopt existing computer based information system package. The use of information system gives advantage to each level of management in organization to plan strategy and decision making. The use of Computer based information system will not be optional anymore in future. It will be compulsory for organization to implement information system for business development

Health & Safety Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Great Atlantic and Pacific Company of Canada is committed to providing both employees and customers with a safe and healthy working and shopping environment. All reasonable efforts will be made to eliminate hazardous conditions and unsafe practices from the workplace†. We will be examining how Dominion takes precaution to protect workers, provides information, instruction and supervision to workers to protect their health and safety, and how they advise workers of potential or actual hazards in the workplace and how to deal with them. We will also look at the actions taken when there is an accident, and audits and inspections that are involved to protect and correct areas in the company. Taking precaution in circumstances for the protection of a worker is accomplished through many different ways. For example, Dominion provides the butchers with metal gloves and aprons to protect them from a knife slipping and cutting them. The also provide the Photo lab with protective goggles, a splatter apron and plastic gloves to protect them from having hazardous chemicals spilling on them that may cause serious damage to their skin or eyes. To protect their workers and customers we wet floor signs are provided to warn people to walk with caution. The employees are provided with clip-on ties, which is a cautionary measure that is taken so that we are not strangled if our ties get caught. Every department has an eye wash station and a first aid kit that are provided so that an injury may be given attention to right a way to prevent any further damage. Taking precaution helps to minimize accidents and protects the employer because the equipment is provided and therefore should be use, and if the equipment is not used and training was provided then that employee is at fault. The employees are provided with information, instruction and supervision to protect their health and safety. Some examples are the signs that are posted up in our lunch room and in our departments to keep us informed and reminded about the proper ways of lifting heavy items, proper standing posture, and exercises that can be done to reduce injury. We are also provided with WHIMS, food handling and cooking training to protect our employees and customers. WHIMS’ training is for our photo lab employees that are dealing with the chemicals from the machine. The fool handling and cooking trainin... ...tee does not recognise some of the actions that are taken by employees that may be dangerous. For instance, our grocery department will stand on our product trucks so that they can reach the top shelf. They will also wheel themselves down the isle so that they do not have to get up and down from a stool. This I find is very unsafe and our store manger does not say anything to these employees nor does our health and safety committee. This sort of action should not be allowed and there should be consequences if you are caught using the trucks in that matter. The manger does not take health and safety seriously until head office comes into the store and this really effects how others look at the matter. If the manger will not participate in making sure that the employees are following correct procedure then how is the health and safety committee suppose to enforce things. We are a very clean store and this is due to the audit and inspections. If it were not for these audits I could see our store falling into a bad situation. It is reassuring that there is a responsibility put on the manger to comply with regulation and procedures so that we do work in a safe and healthy environment. Health & Safety Essay -- essays research papers â€Å"The Great Atlantic and Pacific Company of Canada is committed to providing both employees and customers with a safe and healthy working and shopping environment. All reasonable efforts will be made to eliminate hazardous conditions and unsafe practices from the workplace†. We will be examining how Dominion takes precaution to protect workers, provides information, instruction and supervision to workers to protect their health and safety, and how they advise workers of potential or actual hazards in the workplace and how to deal with them. We will also look at the actions taken when there is an accident, and audits and inspections that are involved to protect and correct areas in the company. Taking precaution in circumstances for the protection of a worker is accomplished through many different ways. For example, Dominion provides the butchers with metal gloves and aprons to protect them from a knife slipping and cutting them. The also provide the Photo lab with protective goggles, a splatter apron and plastic gloves to protect them from having hazardous chemicals spilling on them that may cause serious damage to their skin or eyes. To protect their workers and customers we wet floor signs are provided to warn people to walk with caution. The employees are provided with clip-on ties, which is a cautionary measure that is taken so that we are not strangled if our ties get caught. Every department has an eye wash station and a first aid kit that are provided so that an injury may be given attention to right a way to prevent any further damage. Taking precaution helps to minimize accidents and protects the employer because the equipment is provided and therefore should be use, and if the equipment is not used and training was provided then that employee is at fault. The employees are provided with information, instruction and supervision to protect their health and safety. Some examples are the signs that are posted up in our lunch room and in our departments to keep us informed and reminded about the proper ways of lifting heavy items, proper standing posture, and exercises that can be done to reduce injury. We are also provided with WHIMS, food handling and cooking training to protect our employees and customers. WHIMS’ training is for our photo lab employees that are dealing with the chemicals from the machine. The fool handling and cooking trainin... ...tee does not recognise some of the actions that are taken by employees that may be dangerous. For instance, our grocery department will stand on our product trucks so that they can reach the top shelf. They will also wheel themselves down the isle so that they do not have to get up and down from a stool. This I find is very unsafe and our store manger does not say anything to these employees nor does our health and safety committee. This sort of action should not be allowed and there should be consequences if you are caught using the trucks in that matter. The manger does not take health and safety seriously until head office comes into the store and this really effects how others look at the matter. If the manger will not participate in making sure that the employees are following correct procedure then how is the health and safety committee suppose to enforce things. We are a very clean store and this is due to the audit and inspections. If it were not for these audits I could see our store falling into a bad situation. It is reassuring that there is a responsibility put on the manger to comply with regulation and procedures so that we do work in a safe and healthy environment.

Values and Ethics in America Case Study

BA 3102 – Summer 2, 2012 Video Case Assignment â€Å"End Game: Values and Ethics in America† 1. The most ethical decision is if she turns left into town and report the accident to the police. Even if she turns herself in and jeopardizes to lose her school-funding grant, she knows she did the right thing and her conscious is clean. She caused a fatal accident that killed the other driver, which means she must report to the police. If she doesn’t, then her friend should turn her in and help her for the long run. Human moral and ethical values are more important then the award for the school grant and reputation in the company.In the Deckop Chapter article-â€Å"Theoretical Bases for Analyzing the Ethics of a Decision†, it compares the utilitarianism and universalism theories. It states that utilitarianism is regarding â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number and the ends justify the means†. It’s not ethical to disregard the law and serve the greater good. If she was killed in a deadly car accident, I’m sure she would want someone to report her death to the police who would later notify her loved ones. Running away from an accident is not only unethical, but is also a crime and there is no justification for it.The consequences of fleeing a crime scene is more severe than turning yourself in. â€Å"The pressures of a situation may cause one to apply self-serving biases that while in the short-run appear acceptable, in the long-run result in damage to one’s firm, career or self in terms of staying true to ethical principals and human morals†(Desktop, 2008). I strongly agree with this statement. If she won’t report to the police, and deny what she did, she would be living with her guilt knowing she knew what was the right thing to do, but she made the wrong decision.By knowing she is responsible for someone’s life and didn’t notify anybody, in the long run, it will destroy her emotionally (guilt, depression or even suicide). 2. I think I made the right choice for Julia because either way she would have had to face the consequences. If she turns herself into the police, most likely she would get arrested for drinking and driving. She would possibly lose her school-funding grant that all her students dependent on her. She would also lose her reputation as being a good teacher, but one thing she would be acknowledged for is that she was honest and admitted for her action.However, if she don’t turn herself in, she would have to live on the rest of her life guilty knowing she hided the truth. In the long run the truth will be revealed. Part 3 doesn’t change anything for me, because I knew that the follow-up would be that she would hide the truth in order not to damage her reputation in the school, along with not letting her students down. Running away from reality is always easier then facing the truth and admitting for our wrongdoings. Many comp anies think they can get away with fraud or unethical decision-making, until they either get caught or they turn themselves in.You need to know where to draw the line between personal responsibility and accountability. 3. My decision in question 1 is more consistent with universalism then utilitarianism because universalism focuses on ethical decision making, assuming the decision-maker is following the right morals and values. For example, Julia should report to the police and turn herself in, just as if her loved ones would like to know if she was in a fatal car accident and who is responsible for her death.Also the universalism theory states that everybody is equal and moral ethics apply to everyone no matter what background or culture you are from. Universal ethics explains which behaviors are right or wrong. These ethical standards apply to everybody worldwide. It’s something that a virtuous person is supposed to adhere to and believe in, just like manners that you learn from home. Most manners are universal, though some vary from culture to culture. As a result, I strongly agree with the universalism decision-making tool.

An Overview of the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision

An Overview of the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision On January 22, 1973, the Supreme Court handed down its historic decision in Roe v. Wade, overturning a Texas interpretation of abortion law and making abortion legal in the United States.  It was a turning point in  womens reproductive rights and has remained a hot-button issue within United States politics ever since. The Roe v. Wade decision held that a woman, with her doctor, could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restriction, based primarily on the right to privacy. In later trimesters, state restrictions could be applied. Fast Facts: Roe v. Wade Case Argued: December 13, 1971; October 11, 1972Decision Issued:  January 22, 1973Petitioner:  Jane Roe (appellant)Respondent:  Henry Wade (appellee)Key Questions: Does the Constitution embrace a womans right to terminate her pregnancy by abortion?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Douglas, Brennan, Stuart, Marshall, Blackmun, and PowellDissenting: Justices White and RehnquistRuling:  A womans right to an abortion falls within the right to privacy as protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. However, while decision gave women autonomy during the first trimester of pregnancy, different levels of state interest for the second and third trimesters were allowed.   Facts of the Case   In 1969, Texan Norma McCorvey was a poor, working class 22-year-old woman, unmarried and looking to end an unwanted pregnancy. But in Texas, abortion was illegal unless it was for the purpose of saving the life of the mother.† She was eventually referred to attorneys Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, who were looking for a plaintiff to challenge the Texas law. On their advice, McCorvey, using the pseudonym Jane Roe, filed a lawsuit against the Dallas County district attorney Henry Wade, an official responsible for enforcing criminal laws, including anti-abortion statutes. The suit said the law was unconstitutional because it was an invasion of her privacy; she sought the overturn of the law and an injunction so she could go ahead with the abortion.   The district court agreed with McCorvey that the law was unconstitutionally vague and violated her right to privacy under the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments, but refused to issue an injunction. McCorvey appealed and the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case, along with another case called Doe v. Bolton, lodged against a similar Georgia statute. The Supreme Court case filing occurred on March 3, 1970, when McCorvey was six months pregnant; she eventually gave birth and that child was adopted. She said she wanted to continue with the case to support other womens rights. Arguments for Roe v. Wade began on December 13, 1971. Weddington and Coffee were the plaintiffs lawyers. John Tolle, Jay Floyd, and Robert Flowers were the defendants lawyers. Constitutional Issues   The Roe v. Wade case was argued for the plaintiff Jane Roe on the grounds that the Texas abortion law violated the Fourteenth and Ninth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law to all citizens and, in particular, required that laws be clearly written.   Previous cases challenging abortion laws usually cited the Fourteenth Amendment, claiming that the law was not specific enough when a womans life might be threatened by pregnancy and childbirth. However, since attorneys Coffee and Weddington wanted a decision that rested on a pregnant womans right to decide for herself whether or not an abortion was necessary, they based their argument on the Ninth Amendment, which states: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. The framers of the Constitution had recognized that new rights might be developed in years to come and they wanted to be able to protect those rights. The state prepared its case primarily on the basis that a fetus had legal rights, which ought to be protected. The Arguments The argument for the plaintiff Jane Doe stated that, under the U.S. Bill of Rights, a woman has the right to terminate her pregnancy. It is improper for a State to impose on a womans right to privacy in personal, marital, familial, and sexual decisions. There is no case in the Courts history that declares that a fetus- a developing infant in the womb- is a person. Therefore, the fetus cannot be said to have any legal right to life. Because it is unduly intrusive, the Texas law is unconstitutional and should be overturned. The argument for the State rested on its duty to protect prenatal life. The unborn are people, and as such are entitled to protection under the Constitution because life is present at the moment of conception. The Texas law was, therefore, a valid exercise of police powers reserved to the States in order to protect the health and safety of citizens, including the unborn. The law is constitutional and should be upheld. Majority Opinion   On Jan. 22, 1973, the Supreme Court handed down their ruling, holding that a womans right to an abortion falls within the right to privacy protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision gave a woman a right to abortion during the entirety of the pregnancy and defined different levels of state interest for regulating abortion in the second and third trimesters.   In the first trimester, the state (that is, any government) could treat abortion only as a medical decision, leaving medical judgment to the womans physician.In the second trimester (before viability), the states interest was seen as legitimate when it was protecting the health of the mother.After the viability of the fetus (the likely ability of the fetus to survive outside of and separated from the uterus), the potential of human life could be considered as a legitimate state interest. The state could choose to regulate, or even proscribe abortion as long as the life and health of the mother was protected. Majority: Harry A. Blackmun (for The Court), William J. Brennan, Lewis F. Powell Jr., Thurgood Marshall. Concurring: Warren Burger, William Orville Douglas, Potter Stewart Dissenting Opinion In his dissenting opinion, Justice William H. Rehnquist argued that the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment did not intend it to protect a right of privacy, a right which they did not recognize and that they definitely did not intend for it to protect a woman’s decision to have an abortion. Justice Rehnquist further argued that the only right to privacy is that which is protected by the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures. The Ninth Amendment does not apply here.   Finally, he concluded that because this issue required a careful balance of the interests of the woman against the interests of the state, it was not an appropriate decision for the Court to make, but instead was a question that should have been left up to state legislatures to resolve. Dissenting: William H. Rehnquist (for The Court), Byron R. White The Impact The Texas statute was struck down as a whole, and further, Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in the United States, which was not legal at all in many states and was limited by law in others. All state laws limiting womens access to abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy were invalidated by the Roe v. Wade decision. State laws limiting such access during the second trimester were upheld only when the restrictions were for the purpose of protecting the health of the pregnant woman.   As for Norma McCorvey, four days after the decision, she publicly identified herself as Jane Roe. Living in a happy lesbian relationship in Dallas, she stayed relatively unknown until 1983, when she began volunteering at a womens health center. As an activist, she eventually helped establish the Jane Roe Foundation and the Jane Roe Womens Center, to help poor Texas women obtain legal abortions.   In 1995, McCorvey connected with a pro-life group and renounced abortion rights, helping co-create a new Texas nonprofit, Roe No More Ministry. Although she continued to live with her partner Connie Gonzalez, she also publicly rejected homosexuality. McCorvey died in 2017.   Sources Greenhouse, Linda, and Reva B. Siegel. Before (and after) Roe V. Wade: New Questions About Backlash. The Yale Law Journal 120.8 (2011): 2028-87. Print.Joffe, Carole. Roe V. Wade at 30: What Are the Prospects for Abortion Provision? Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35.1 (2003): 29-33. Print.Klorman, Renee, and Laura Butterbaugh. Roe V. Wade Turns 25. Off Our Backs 28.2 (1998): 14-15. Print.Langer, Emily. Norma McCorvey, Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade decision legalizing abortion nationwide, dies at 69. The Washington Post February 28, 2017.  Ã‚  Prager, Joshua. The Accidental Activist. Vanity Fair Hive February 2013.  Skelton, Chris. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). Justia.  Supreme Court Cases: Roe v. Wade. The Interactive Constitution of the United States. Prentice-Hall 2003.Ziegler, Mary. The Framing of a Right to Choose: Roe V. Wade and the Changing Debate on Abortion Law. Law and History Review 27.2 (2009): 281-330. Print.

Understanding Basic Spanish Punctuation

Understanding Basic Spanish Punctuation Spanish punctuation is so much like Englishs that some textbooks and reference books dont even discuss it. But there are a few significant differences. Learn all the Spanish punctuation marks and their names. The marks whose uses are significantly different than those of English are explained below. Punctuation Used in Spanish . : punto, punto final (period), : coma (comma): : dos puntos (colon); : punto y coma (semicolon)- : raya (dash)- : guià ³n (hyphen) «  » : comillas (quotation marks) : comillas (quotation marks) : comillas simples (single quotation marks) ¿ ? : principio y fin de interrogacià ³n (question marks) ¡ ! : principio y fin de exclamacià ³n o admiracià ³n (exclamation points)( ) : parà ©ntesis (parenthesis)[ ] : corchetes, parà ©nteses cuadrados (brackets){ } : corchetes (braces, curly brackets)* : asterisco (asterisk)... : puntos suspensivos (ellipsis) Question Marks In Spanish, question marks are used at the beginning and the end of a question. If a sentence contains more than a question, the question marks frame the question when the question part comes at the end of the sentence. Si no te gusta la comida,  ¿por quà © la comes?If you dont like the food, why are you eating it? Only the last four words form the question, and thus the inverted question mark, comes near the middle of the sentence.  ¿Por quà © la comes si no te gusta la comida?Why are you eating the food if you dont like it? Since the question part of the sentence comes at the beginning, the entire sentence is surrounded by question marks. Katarina,  ¿quà © haces hoy?Katarina, what are you doing today? Exclamation Point Exclamation points are used in the same way as question marks are except to indicate exclamations instead of questions. Exclamation marks are also sometimes used for direct commands. If a sentence contains a question and an exclamation, it is okay to use one of the marks at the beginning of the sentence and the other at the end. Vi la pelà ­cula la noche pasada.  ¡Quà © susto!I saw the movie last night. What a fright! ¡Quà © lstima, ests bien?What a pity, are you all right? It is acceptable in Spanish to use up to three consecutive exclamation points to show emphasis.  ¡Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¡No lo creo!!! I dont believe it! Period In regular text, the period is used essentially the same as in English, coming at the end of sentences and most abbreviations. However, in Spanish numerals, a comma is often used instead of a period and vice versa. In U.S. and Mexican Spanish, however, the same pattern as English is often followed. Ganà ³ $16.416,87  el aà ±o pasado.She earned $16,416.87 last year. This punctuation would be used in Spain and most of Latin America. Ganà ³ $16,416.87  el aà ±o pasado.She earned  $16,416.87  last year. This punctuation would be used primarily in Mexico, the U.S., and Puerto Rico. Comma The comma usually is used the same as in English, being used to indicate a break in thought or to set off clauses or words. One difference is that in lists, there is no comma between the next-to-last item and the y, whereas in English some writers use a comma before the and. This use in English is sometimes called the serial comma or the Oxford comma. Comprà © una camisa, dos zapatos y tres libros.I bought a shirt, two shoes, and three books.Vine, vi y vencà ­.I came, I saw, I conquered. Dash The dash is used most frequently in Spanish to indicate a change in speakers during a dialogue, thus replacing quotation marks. In English, it is customary to separate each speakers remarks into a separate paragraph, but that typically isnt done in Spanish. -  ¿Cà ³mo ests? - Muy bien  ¿y tà º? - Muy bien tambià ©n.How are you?Im fine. And you?Im fine too. Dashes can also be used to set off material from the rest of the text, much as they are in English. Si quieres una taza de cafà © - es muy cara - puedes comprarla aquà ­.If you want a cup of coffee - its very expensive - you can buy it here. Angled Quotation Marks The angled quotation marks and the English-style quotation marks are equivalent. The choice is primarily a matter of regional custom or the capabilities of the typesetting system. The angled quotation marks are more common in Spain than in Latin America, perhaps because they are used in some other Romance languages (such as French). The main difference between the English and Spanish uses of quotation marks is that sentence punctuation in Spanish goes outside the quote marks, while in American English the punctuation is on the inside. Quiero leer Romeo y Julieta. I want to read Romeo and Juliet. Quiero leer  «Romeo y Julieta ». I want to read Romeo and Juliet.

Explaining Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures Essay

Explaining Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures - Essay Example The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is responsible for designing a standard, known as â€Å"The Hierarchy of GAAP† which explicitly details the meaning of GAAP. In this regard, the sources of GAAP are as follows: FASB Standards, Interpretations, and Staff Positions; APB Opinions; and AICPA Accounting Research Bulletins. According to Valade (2010, pars. 10 – 12), the general guidelines explaining the rationale and importance of the hierarchy are summed as: â€Å"Level 1 pronouncements are the top level of authority, and take precedence over lower levels of announcements. If an accounting issue is addressed in multiple levels, guidance in the highest level must be followed. Pronouncements within any level carry equal weight†. In this regard, level 1 or category A in Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, 12) is the most authoritative set of professional bodies but â€Å"if an accounting treatment of an event is not specified by Category A pronouncement, then Categories B through D should be investigated† according to the hierarchical order. The most effective accounting information depends on the usefulness of the information for decision making purposes. According to Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield (2007, 31), the FASB itemized qualitative characteristics according to hierarchy: the primary qualities being relevance and reliability; and the secondary qualities are comparability and consistency. Under relevance, the critical ingredients that must be ingrained are predictive value, feedback value and timeliness. Under reliability of accounting information, the data must be verifiable, must have representational faithfulness and be neutral. The quality of comparability is relevant in according users of accounting information with accurate and comparable basis for identification of similarities and differences in economic events among business enterprises (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield (2007, 33).

Is Virginia Woolf a Feminist Writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Virginia Woolf a Feminist Writer - Essay Example Does this style predispose Virginia Woolf as a feminist writer because she was female and wrote about issues that were important to women? Is she still a feminist if her emotional dependence upon men was greater than her intellectual dependence? Or through current retrospect, do we see her as a champion of feminism because she overcame the prevailing male attitudes within her family and society to write about what she thought was essential? Critics offer the opinion that â€Å"†¦her life has come to stand for a great deal; it has become a heavily loaded symbol in the current dialogues over gender, class, madness, and marriage. The famously gifted, original, neurotic, courageous, difficult, and very imperfect human being she once was has disappeared†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .Virginia Woolf gained prominence during the first-wave of political feminism in the early 20th century, but the major focus of this effort revolved around suffrage. She has been portrayed as a feminist, but her writing supports idealist views that humans, in general, should be free to pursue activities that make them whole, regardless of the sexual orientation, gender, or culture. Eyal Amirane asserts that biology is not destiny, and the use of specific language is not synonymous with having a feminist philosophy, â€Å"Thus feminist analysis can take a textual form that is not bound to the body, though it is already (always) about the body†¦it takes place not on the writer's body but in the body of the text†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .... synonymous with having a feminist philosophy, "Thus feminist analysis can take a textual form that is not bound to the body, though it is already (always) about the bodyit takes place not on the writer's body but in the body of the text" (Amirane, np). A writer can be of either sex, since art is created in the mind first, and passed through the body of the artist. When Woolf tells us that, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is going to write", she intimates to us that there is no need to establish a political philosophy, just the need for privacy and economic support. (Lavender, np). Woolf did not embrace a specific political ideology and was ambiguous about suffrage, but still believed in being feminine, and her definition meant assurance by allowing " women the fundamental right to control their own lives and income" (Allen, np). In Mrs. Dalloway, Clarissa wants to perform purposeful roles-wife, mother, lover, and hostess, with aplomb. The role created for her character is one of a strong feminine tradition. She is artificial and shallow, but tries to be everything to everyone. Her party is a tribute to the prestige of her husband and family's reputation. Her selfish attitude and demeanor exemplify the divisions in social class, the acceptable exclusions, and how snobbish women can be towards each other. Clarissa is a strong protagonist and she is stereotypical in her assertions and behavior. We are privy to the inner emotional workings of the characters, but within the context of this novel these are not special or unique (Crawford, np). This novel might be considered an example feminine writing, but not feminism. This work does not espouse a feminism point of view. The context is about everyday life and events, plain and ordinary, and

Does Religion Cause War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Does Religion Cause War - Essay Example Religion is a sensitive issue because it is a matter of the heart to many people, (Burleigh 111-120). It arouses intense emotions. In many part of the world, religion is incorporated into people’s culture, (Gieling 190-201). If a religion causes war, it must be viewed in terms of what religion means to those who are passionate about it, (Burleigh 111). In other words, religion affects many things about people and becomes part and parcel of the personal life of those people. In that sense, people are bound to defend religion as part of their heritage, culture and essence of existence. Religion has proved to be stronger than life itself, (Gieling 190-201). People are willing to die for religious reasons. The fact is most religions come with a promise of greater and better life than life on earth. This is something that people are strongly attached to, (Burleigh 111-120). The attachment to deity makes life on earth seem to be of little or no significance. According to the religio us, this can seem to justify war to take care of these religious interests. Simply put, people can rise up to fight in the name of religion. Loyalty to a being higher than a human can cause people to go to the extremes, (Pearse 147). This has been proved over time. People feel that the reward they want from the unseen deity is more beneficial than respecting the rights of their fellow brothers and sisters. Sometimes the zeal tends to go overboard. For every act of adversity meted to fellow humans through a conflict of a religious nature, people feel there is a reward for it, (Gieling 190-201). This reward does not have to be physical. Religion and War are not strange bed fellows. In fact, they have gone together for a long time. Some of the reasons why people go to war in the name of religion include; spreading their faith. It has been argued that involving God in a war does not necessarily make it holy. One thing is clear, whether war is being done to spread faith or not, it is bou nd to have casualties. The results are always devastating. It has also been said that people fight with an aim of recovering consecrated places, (Pearse 147). These are places referred to as alters which could be profaned and polluted by a group that does not understand the proper use of such places. Such a belief causes the religious to feel duty bound to act on behalf of their god. In the process of recovery of such places, resistance arises, and that can become a beginning of a chain of wars. This includes war to avenge for acts of killings or past time cruelties which were done with a religious intention. Some Christians, Muslims or other groups feel that they may also want to recover countries that were once controlled by their faith. Many countries especially in Middle East and Asia have gone to the extent of incorporating their religion into their constitutions, (Gieling 190-201). This means that religion became part of the culture of those countries. A violation of faith in such a setting is viewed as blasphemy. In such cases, it becomes hard for people with other religious affiliations to exercise their religious freedom. In a large or small way, religion in such a context becomes a source of conflict. The paradox of religion is that it was meant to instill freedom and peace into a world full of conflict, (Cavanaugh 51-62). However, more often than not, religion tends to bring chaos. We have had long and protracted conflicts in the Middle East, (Burleigh 111-120). All because of religious reasons, we have had militias formed to defend certain religious convictions in remote societies. To a certain extent, there

Cebu My Hometown Essay Example for Free

Cebu My Hometown Essay Cebu is located in central visayas approximately 1 hour from manila via airplane, Cebu is known for delicious roasted pork and famous in the works of guitars and delicious pastries. Cebu is one of the famous cities around the country as Famous Places in Philippines by ShareRanks three years ago. I will tell you the beautiful sights and relaxing places located in Cebu but not all. First is the Trans-central Highway a 33 kilometer long road from barangay Lahug Cebu city to Balamban(my home town). Some views in Trans-central are breath taking, and it is a 930 ft. above sea level highway. Island in the Sky is one of the best place to visit in Trans-central Highway, they have a small swimming pool and a short hanging bridge, and cottages that you can hang out and eat with your family and friends. Adventure Cafe also located in Trans-central Highway, walking distance from Island in the Sky, and good thing about Adventure Cafe is their adventure base activities such as zip line, wall climbing, rappelling, and stress walk, but honestly haven’t tried their activies, maybe when I go back. There are more place to visit in Trans-central Highway, buy i can only mention two places you can visit. And the last place I want to share is the Whale shark watching, it’s not in Trans-central Highway, there is no whales in 930 ft. above sea level. (haha) It is located in Tan-awan, Oslob, Cebu, 2-3 hours travel or around 177 kilometers south from the Cebu City. There are beaches that offers a tour and rentals for motor banka, but it is very expensive for non-Oslob residents. Whale shark watching is not only available in south side Cebu, but also in north side Cebu. So today I told you the beauty that you can find in my home town, But that’s not all, there are plenty of places you can discover by yourself.

The Stranger and The Guest Essays -- Character Analysis, Daru, Meursau

French playwright Albert Camus once said, â€Å"Nobody realizes that some people expend tremendous energy merely to be normal.† In The Stranger and The Guest the overarching theme that those who do not conform to typical societal values and do not adequately relate to others are appraised as a threat to society as a whole. In both works the protagonists isolate themselves, and society isolates them because of their non-conforming beliefs. Both Daru and Meursault are not able to accept the abstract ideals of society, and prefer isolation. For them relating to the physical world is much easier to relate to because it is concrete and definite, rather than the ambiguity of the moral ideals held by society. As a result of this objection to society they become indifferent and detached from societal expectations, intern this allows both protagonists to defy the rules of society, and expunge their innate flaws. In the Guest, Daru constantly observes the landscape, especially the sun and the snow on the rocky, empty plateau. Daru discusses the burning of the sun â€Å"the earth shriveled up little by little, literally scorched every stone bursting into dust under one’s foot† (Guest 304). Despite the debilitating drought, followed by unhelpful snow around home, Daru does not complain, but instead observes and respects the landscape for being his only home. Daru does not associate his home with family or friends, rather with the physical qualities of it. The schoolmaster is like â€Å"a monk in his remote schoolhouse, nonetheless satisfied with the little he had and with the rough life† (Guest 304). Even though he is isolated and lives in a secluded area, he enjoys the quiet and solitude in which he is liberated from being at a close proximity to s... ...ecause he believes that society’s laws are flawed. Meursault and Daru are both considered outsiders of society because they are not able to understand the other characters in the story. This is because each character represents an aspect of society, like Balducci in the Guest, and everyone in the courtroom in The Stranger represents the law and justice system. Camus uses the actions and words of seemingly unimportant characters to allude to the flaws and problems of society. In both works of Camus, the protagonists view the other characters in the story from an outsider view, allowing for a new perspective in which society and its problems can be assessed by the reader. By making the protagonists detached from society, one can truly see the underlying issues within society. That is why the isolation and alienation of Meursault and Daru are crucial in Camus’ works.

Diathesis Stress Model

Diathesis- This is the genetic predisposition which the Genain children expressed through their father. Mr. Genain had various fears and obsessions such as patrolling the house because he was worried of a break in, forms of paranoia. Since paranoia is a symptom of schizophrenia it is likely that Mr. Genain was schizophrenic and he passed this gene onto the children. Later on, his actions created stress that triggered the schizophrenia in his children. Stress: Nora and Myra were considered the more superior set of twins and therefore were able to function better than Iris and Hester. This categorization is probably one of the first stressors that caused Iris and Hester to suffer the worst from the disorder. A stress that affected all of the children and helped trigger the disorder was Mr. Genain’s insistence on watching the girls dress and undress. Furthermore, his molestation of two of the girls made them more likely to develop schizophrenia. Part of the reason Nora was not as successful as Myra was because she was her father’s favorite sexual target which added more stress to her life. Another stressor that hurt Iris and Hester was when their parents had their clitoris’s were circumcised. Also, since Iris, Nora, and Myra began deteriorating after a man made improper advances this proves that stress played a prominent role in the signaling of schizophrenia. Myra was able to be the most functioning individual because she was her parent’s favorite and received the least objectionable attention, and therefore had the least amount of stress in her life.

Legal Awareness Is the Need of Hour Essay

Our country is a democratic country as well as a welfare state. â€Å"Rule of Law† is the edifice on which the democratic structure has been built on. â€Å"Rule of Law† means everybody is equal in the eyes of law. In spite of this solemn principle, every day we hear news about instances of atrocities committed against women and children, excesses by law enforcing agencies, harassment of citizens by officials, cheating by seller of goods, exploitation of the weak, stories of discriminations and deprivation in the society besides heinous crimes like rape, murder, looting, etc. In most of the cases the victims accept these suffering silently by ascribing them to fate or are afraid to protest on the grounds of further reprisals. The fact is that many times people are not aware of the law and the rights such laws confer for their protection. The Directive Principles of the constitution lays down the guidelines for the welfare of the socially and economically neglected section of the society. A number of laws have been enacted to contribute to the welfare of the socially and economically downtrodden population of the society. However, the benefits of these provisions are not reaped by them due to lack of awareness about the same. Every country has prescribed Rights and Duties for its Citizen. The Citizens need to be aware about their Rights, the related legal provisions and processes. Coupled with this knowledge, they are also required to know how to realize their rights and entitlements. On the reverse side, there are certain duties and prohibitions which are cast upon people and that need to be observed so that they do not transcend the barriers and get into trouble for the same. The lack of legal awareness is not, unfortunately, confined to illiterates. Even educated person are often not aware about their Rights and Duties. A country can progress only when all its citizens are well aware of their Rights and know to exercise their Rights. This empowers citizens to demand justice and seek remedies for wrong done to them. Such a position would bring greater harmony, accountability and transparency at all levels which is sine-qua-non for progress and development. The examples of Europe and USA are noteworthy in this respect. They present a picture of a more just society than many of the developing countries in the world. The Constitution of India has outlined the Fundamental Rights of Citizens under Part III of our Constitution. Similarly, the Duties of the Citizen have been enshrined therein. Any violation/deprivation of the same can be enforced through High Court/Supreme Court under Art 32 and Art 226 of the Constitution. Natural justice provides that no person can be coerced into giving evidence against him. It is in this background Supreme Court of India has ruled that ‘Narco Analysis’, ‘Brain Mapping’, ‘Polygraph Testing’ tantamount of self incrimination and violation of Section 20(3), in the case of Smt. Selvi and others v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 Educated and uneducated citizen are often not aware about the process relating to arrest by police. Before arresting somebody, police has to show the warrant, if the offence is bail able or not. Any person arrested has to produce before a magistrate within 24 hours. Before conducting a search in somebody’s house search warrant has to be given. In case relating to seizure of Passport of Maneka Gandhi, the court observed that such station Action cannot be arbitrary and the reasons of seizure need to be given to the concerned person. A host of laws have been enacted for the welfare and exercise of positive discrimination in favor of the neglected section of the society. For example-: Hindu Marriage Act, Untouchablity Act, Dowry Act, Engagement of Child Labor, Child Marriage Act, Domestic Violence Act, Consumer Protection Act. For expeditious disposal of the grievances of citizen’s, legal institutions like Lok Adalats, Family Courts, Mahila Courts, Consumer Courts, Ombudsman, District Legal Service Authority, etc have been created. These institutions have been established on the basis of dictum â€Å"Justice delayed is Justice denied† For the progress of the country where everybody lives in harmony with others, ensuring a just society there is an urgent need for spreading legal awareness amongst people. The idea behind spread of legal information is that people are empowered before the need to seek Legal Aid arises and if the need for legal aid does arise then at least the people armed with newly acquired legal information can use the information in the best possible way. In order to promote the legal awareness following step should be taken-: †¢Increase in the literacy rate in the country. In our own country also because of high literacy rates people from Kerala are more conscious about their legal rights than other states. †¢Societies like ‘SEWA’, ‘MARG’, ‘ICARE’, ‘CRY’, etc have been doing a pioneering work in creating legal awareness among people. Such work needs to be encouraged. If other governmental an non-governmental organizations come up with such ideas then making people aware of their rights and duties and delivering justice would not be a difficult task. †¢Legal classes can be held in schools and colleges, with the aim of training the student also in turn can spread the same to their parents and friends. Particularly, women and girls can be enlightened on various legal protections and procedures to approach Police Station and courts for protection of their rights and obtain remedy for their problems. †¢Along with the legal acts, people need to be sensitized about various welfare schemes of the Government, functioning of the Legal Service Authority, the enacted provisions regarding free legal aid and services. Legal reforms which are long overdue in our country should be expedited. This would enable the judicial system to cut away lot of practices and procedures which delay the process of administration of justice. Most of the laws in our country owe their origin to colonial days and need to be reframed and simplified. The mind set for formulation of laws couched in legal jargons, clauses, sub-clauses not easily understood by the citizens has to change. Laws outlined in simpler terms can be easily comprehended by common people and would contribute towards enhancing legal awareness among citizens. Economically, India is having a sustained growth. The country is on the threshold of a developed country, an elevation from the status of a developing economy. In this scenario, the need for legal awareness amongst the citizen is very much necessary. With citizens conversant with their rights and duties, the presence of justice and fair play in the society, transparency, accountability would enabl e the country to make bigger strides in this economic development. Being a democracy is an advantage in this regard.