Gene therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gene therapy - Essay ExampleCurrently, research is going on for constituent therapy by various approaches in different parts of the world for various diseases like combined immuno-deficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinsons disease, crab louse and even HIV (Verma and Weitzman, 2005). Though element therapy has been under research for the past 2 decades, no individual(a) gene therapy has been approve for clinical use. The main reason for this is safety concerns pertaining to gene therapy trials and treatment. In this essay, various strategies to improver the safety of gene therapy will be discussed through review of suitable literature. Safety issues related to gene therapy atomic number 18 mainly related to the methods employed in gene therapy. There are basically 2 methods of gene therapy and they are ex-vivo therapy and in-vivo therapy. In ex-vivo therapy, gene delivery is done in cells after being remove from the frame (Hecht, 2004). The cells utilise thus are basically grown in the laboratory. The cells are than modified foreign the body and then transplanted back into the body. In some research trials, cells from blood or born aggregate are taken out and cultured in a laboratory. Thereafter, the cells are exposed to the virus with the craved gene. The virus infects the cells and transfers the therapeutic genetic strong into the nucleus of the cells. After this, the cells are injected into the patients body by vein. In in vivo therapy, gene delivery is done in the cells that are still in the body. The simplest method of introducing therapeutic genetic material into the cells is direct introduction into target cells. However, this method is not hardheaded because it can be utilize only with certain tissues and requires large amounts of DNA. Other methods are there wherein the genes are delivered into cells by vectors like viruses or bacteria, by electroporation or tiny synthetic envelopes of naughty molecules (Hecht, 2004). Of these, the most unrema rkably used vector is virus. Vector is the carrier of the gene. Viruses are used as vectors to deliver genetic material to the nucleus of the cell that contains its DNA. The natural ability of a virus to enter a cell is used for this purpose. The viruses used for gene therapy are retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and herpes simplex virus (Genetics residence Reference, 2008). While preparing the vectors for gene therapy, the DNA coding for a part or whole of the normal genes of the virus to be used as a carrier is removed and replaced with the treatment gene. The carriers are engineered in such a steering that there ability to enter the cells is not lost but they cannot reproduce. Genes delivered by tiny synthetic envelopes of fat molecules enter the cell by cell membrane which has very high concentration of fat molecules. In electroporation, the genes are delivered into the cells by creating tiny openings in the cell membrane. This is done by using a bionic chip. The chip contains a single living cell embedded in a tiny ti circuit (Hecht, 2004). Another method of gene therapy is where the therapeutic gene gets inside the target cell by chemically linking the DNA to a molecule that will bind to special cell receptors. After stick to these receptors, the DNA is engulfed by the cell membrane and passed into the interior of the target cell. However, this is less effective than the other methods (Genetics Home R